42 research outputs found
Regional-Scale Assessment of the Climatic Role of Forests Under Future Climate Conditions
Diseases & disorder
Chapter Regional-Scale Assessment of the Climatic Role of Forests Under Future Climate Conditions
Diseases & disorder
Effects of simulated forest cover change on projected climate change - a case study of Hungary
Climatic effects of forest cover change have been
investigated for Hungary applying the
regional climate model REMO.
For the end of the 21st century (2071–2100) case st
udies have been
analyzed assuming maximal afforestation (forests co
vering all vegetated area) and complete
deforestation (forests replaced by grasslands) of t
he country. For 2021–2025, the climatic influence o
f
the potential afforestation based on a detailed nat
ional survey has been assessed. The simulation
results indicate that maximal afforestation may red
uce the projected climate change through cooler
and moister conditions for the entire summer period
. The magnitude of the simulated climate change
mitigating effect of the forest cover increase diff
ers among regions. The smallest climatic benefit wa
s
calculated in the southwestern region, in the area
with the potentially strongest climate change. The
strongest effects of maximal afforestation are expe
cted in the northeastern part of the country. Here,
half of the projected precipitation decrease could
be relieved and the probability of summer droughts
could be reduced. The potential afforestation has a
very slight feedback on the regional climate
compared to the maximal afforestation scenari
A klĂma erdĂ©szeti cĂ©lĂş elĹ‘revetĂtĂ©se
A fafajmegválasztás Ă©s az erdĂ©szeti cĂ©lĂş döntĂ©stámogatás megalapozásához az Ă©ghajlati tendenciák hosszĂştávĂş elĹ‘revetĂtĂ©se szĂĽksĂ©ges. CikkĂĽnk cĂ©lja a fafajok elterjedĂ©se, vitalitása, növekedĂ©se Ă©s szervesanyag-produkciĂłja (növedĂ©ke) szempontjábĂłl meghatározĂł hĂłnapok klimatikus viszonyaiban várhatĂł változás Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se. A várhatĂł klĂma becslĂ©se 12 regionális klĂmaszimuláciĂł eredmĂ©nyeinek egyĂĽttes elemzĂ©sĂ©vel törtĂ©nt, az IPCC A1B kibocsátási forgatĂłkönyvĂ©nek feltĂ©telezĂ©sĂ©vel. Az erdĂ©szeti klĂmakategĂłriákat az erdĂ©szeti szárazsági mutatĂł (FAI) alapján definiáltuk Ă©s határoltuk le. Az aszályos Ă©vek gyakoriságát Ă©s 30 Ă©ves jövĹ‘beli periĂłdusokra becsĂĽlt változását szintĂ©n a FAI segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel határoztuk meg.A 21. századi klĂmaelĹ‘rebecslĂ©sek alapján az átlaghĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©klet emelkedĂ©se Ă©s a csapadĂ©kmennyisĂ©g csökkenĂ©se az erdĂ©szeti szempontbĂłl meghatározĂł idĹ‘szakok közĂĽl a kritikus hĂłnapokban (jĂşlius-augusztus) a legnagyobb, de jelentĹ‘s a fĹ‘ növekedĂ©si periĂłdusban (május-augusztus) is. A század közepĂ©re elĹ‘revetĂtett klimatikus viszonyok mellett az olyan klĂmaadottságĂş terĂĽletek, ahol a termĂ©szetes elĹ‘fordulásĂş zárt erdĹ‘k mĂ©g eredmĂ©nyesen termeszthetĹ‘k, nagymĂ©rtĂ©kben csökkenhetnek, a jövedelmezĹ‘ gazdálkodásra kevĂ©sbĂ© alkalmas erdĹ‘ssztyep klĂmájĂş terĂĽletek nagysága pedig jelentĹ‘sen (a jelenlegi erdĹ‘terĂĽlet több mint egyharmadára) növekedhet. Az eddigi erdĹ‘ssztyep klĂmakategĂłria terĂĽletĂ©nek fele (az ország terĂĽletĂ©nek több mint 10%-a) a mainál mĂ©g melegebb Ă©s szárazabb (sztyep klĂmájĂş) lehet. Az átlagos klimatikus viszonyok változásával egyidejűleg az 1981-2010-es periĂłdushoz kĂ©pest 2021-2050-re az aszályos Ă©s a szĂ©lsĹ‘sĂ©gesen aszályos Ă©vek száma megduplázĂłdhat, mely az Ă©rzĂ©keny fafajok mortalitásának kockázatát fokozza.A jövĹ‘beli idĹ‘szakokra várhatĂł klĂma alapját kĂ©pezi a projekt keretĂ©ben kifejlesztett döntĂ©stámogatĂł rendszernek is, mely egy adott terĂĽletre meghatározza az erdĂ©szeti klĂmakategĂłriát Ă©s ennek, valamint a többi termĹ‘helyi tĂ©nyezĹ‘nek alapján javasol cĂ©lállományt
Modelling the potential distribution of three climate zonal tree species for present and future climate in Hungary = Három klĂmazonális fafaj hazai potenciális elterjedĂ©sĂ©nek modellezĂ©se jelenlegi Ă©s jövĹ‘beni klĂmában
The potential distribution and composition rate of beech, sessile oak and Turkey oak were
investigated for present and future climates (2036–2065 and 2071–2100) in Hungary. Membership
functions were defined using the current composition rate (percentage of cover in forest compartments) of
the tree species and the long-term climate expressed by the Ellenberg quotient to model the present
and future tree species distribution and composition rate. The simulation results using the regional
climate model REMO showed significant decline of beech and sessile oak in Hungary during the 21st
century. By the middle of the century only about 35% of the present beech and 75% of the sessile oak
stands will remain above their current potential distribution limit. By the end of the century beech
forests may almost disappear from Hungary and sessile oak will also be found only along the
Southwest border and in higher mountain regions. On the contrary the present occurrences of Turkey
oak will be almost entirely preserved during the century however its distribution area will shift to the
current sessile oak habitats. | The potential distribution and composition rate of beech, sessile oak and Turkey oak were
investigated for present and future climates (2036–2065 and 2071–2100) in Hungary. Membership
functions were defined using the current composition rate (percentage of cover in forest compartments) of
the tree species and the long-term climate expressed by the Ellenberg quotient to model the present
and future tree species distribution and composition rate. The simulation results using the regional
climate model REMO showed significant decline of beech and sessile oak in Hungary during the 21st
century. By the middle of the century only about 35% of the present beech and 75% of the sessile oak
stands will remain above their current potential distribution limit. By the end of the century beech
forests may almost disappear from Hungary and sessile oak will also be found only along the
Southwest border and in higher mountain regions. On the contrary the present occurrences of Turkey
oak will be almost entirely preserved during the century however its distribution area will shift to the
current sessile oak habitats
A „JárĂł-tábla” (avagy az egyes termĹ‘helytĂpusokon alkalmazhatĂł cĂ©lállományok Ă©s azok növekedĂ©sĂ©nek) közelĂtĂ©se gĂ©pi tanulási mĂłdszerrel
Ebben a cikkben egy gĂ©pi tanulási eljárást kĂvánunk bemutatni, amely a JárĂł-fĂ©le egyes termĹ‘helytĂpusokon alkalmazhatĂł cĂ©lállományok Ă©s azok növekedĂ©sĂ©nek adatait dolgozza fel. A mĂłdszer kĂ©pes a meglĂ©vĹ‘ adatok alapján cĂ©lállomány Ă©s növekedĂ©st javasolni a klĂmaváltozás miatt kialakulĂł Ăşj termĹ‘helytĂpus változatokra, Ă©s egy Ăşjonnan belĂ©pĹ‘ erdĂ©szeti klĂmaosztályra is. Az eljárás lĂ©nyege, hogy a JárĂł-tábla bejegyzĂ©seit egy ötdimenziĂłs tĂ©rben helyezi el Ă©s távolság kernelek segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel kiválogatja a közeli cĂ©lállomány tĂpusokat, valamint sĂşlyozza azok növekedĂ©sĂ©t. Ezáltal megadja egy kiválasztott termĹ‘helytĂpus változatra, hogy mely cĂ©lállományok valĂłszĂnűsĂthetĹ‘k azon a terĂĽleten Ă©s milyen növekedĂ©ssel jellemezhetĹ‘k. Az eredmĂ©nyek megfelelĹ‘ validálás után az AgrárklĂma projekt döntĂ©stámogatĂł rendszerĂ©be Ă©pĂĽlnek be
Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land
The United Nations Climate Change Conference, Durban 2011, delivered a breakthrough on the international community's response to climate change. In the second largest meeting of its kind, the negotiations advanced, in a balanced fashion, the implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol, the Bali Action Plan, and the Cancun Agreements. The outcomes included a decision by Parties to adopt a universal legal agreement on climate change as soon as possible, and no later than 2015.
One of the decisions adopted by COP 17 and CMP 7 regard to the land use, land-use change and forestry, and invites the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to review and, if necessary, update supplementary methodologies for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from land use, land-use change and forestry activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol.
Land degradation is a human-induced or natural process which negatively affects the productivity of land within an ecosystem. The direct causes of land degradation are geographically specific. Climate change, including changes in short-term variation, as well as long-term gradual changes in temperature and precipitation, is expected to be an additional stress on rates of land degradation.
Book Topics:
• Introduction to Climate Change and Land Degradation
• Change Mitigation
• Climate Change and Waste Land Restoration
• Water Management and Planning
• Erosion and Hydrological Restoration
• Forest Fire Land Restoration
• Polluted Soils Restoration
• Combating Climate Change by Restoration of Degraded Land
• Research Matters – Climate Change Governance
• Advanced Statistics
Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land is of interests to academics, engineers, consultans, designers and professionals involved in restoration of degraded lands projects